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As China grapples with the consequences of its devastating earthquake, it
has also begun to finally confront the destabilizing forces bubbling up beneath
its economic landscape. This week, several key Chinese officials, typically
not known for their candor, conspicuously noted the need to both stimulate
domestic consumer spending and bring down roaring inflation. While at first
blush these two goals might appear mutually exclusive, China's leaders do have
a magic bullet that can hit both targets at once.
A stronger currency, commensurate with China's increased economic strength,
will both tamp down inflation and allow Chinese consumers to buy more goods
and services. However, for reasons not entirely clear to me, or few others
for that matter, China's leaders are resisting this simple and beneficial solution.
The Chinese leadership's stated goal in prodding their citizens to spend more
is to decrease their economy's dependence on exports. If the Chinese, who currently
save 50% of their incomes, saved less, more of their production would be consumed
locally. As a result, China would be less vulnerable to economic downturns
abroad. Without a vibrant domestic market, over-leveraged Americans will apparently
remain China's most important customers.
A strengthened Yuan would lower the real costs of goods for domestic consumers
and allow the Chinese themselves to compete more evenly with consumers in other
nations to whom they currently send the fruits of their labor. As goods become
more affordable in China, the Chinese will naturally consume more. A rising
Yuan would therefore kill two birds with one stone: it would reverse recent
consumer price increases and it would induce Chinese consumers to buy their
own products.
If the Chinese were to follow such a sensible path, the consequences here
in America would be immediate and severe. By allowing their currency to appreciate,
Chinese monetary authorities would no longer need to buy and remove as many
dollars from the open market, producing an immediate reduction in the demand
for U.S. Treasuries, mortgage backed securities and other U.S. dollar denominated
debt. The result in America would be a simultaneous increase in both consumer
prices and interest rates. Such developments would only compound the problems
already rippling through our economy.
To spur domestic spending absent such currency rebalancing, Beijing must instead
rely on the nominative, simulative effects of inflation. By further expanding
their money supply and allowing those increases to be passed on to workers
in the form of higher wages, Chinese consumers will have more Yuan to spend
and hence will buy more. However, such a policy will only solve one problem
by aggravating the other.
Further, by penalizing savers through the erosive effects of inflation, China
would discourage savings and jeopardize one of the true sources of its rising
living standards. Contrary to the economic hocus pocus propagated on Wall Street,
Washington and at American universities; economies grow not as a result of
consumer spending, but as a result of savings. Under consumption is the true
source of prosperity as it engenders capital formation, which lies at the root
of sustainable economic growth.
Here too the implications for Americans are dire. In effect, by only spending
half of their incomes and lending much of the rest to us, Americans have merely
been enjoying the current consumption that more frugal Chinese consumers have
decided to defer. As the Chinese consume more, Americans will simply be forced
to consume less.
Low prices and rich consumers are a potent concoction that is sure to soothe
China's roaring economy while raising the living standards of its hard working
citizens. It's a simple solution that only an economist can miss.
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