Printer Friendly

eMail Article

March 31, 2007

Weekly Wrap-up: The Bernanke Collar
by Adam Oliensis

This past week traders in Agile Trader Index Options Service took profits of 23% on their QQQQ puts and 40% on their SPY puts. For a free one-month trial to Agile Trader Index Options Service click here.

Traders in Agile Trader Index Futures Service netted profits of 14.5% and 17.3% on their e-mini S&P futures positions and profits of 16% on their e-mini NDX futures positions. For a free one-month trail to Agile Trader Index Futures Service click here.

The following article was originally published at The Agile Trader on March 25, 2007.

Dear Speculators,

We've been studying the 4-year cycle in the stock market for quite some time here. And over the past couple of weeks we've been entertaining two different hypotheses. Our working assumption had been that the 4-yr cycle low came before it was scheduled to in '06, forming in July and launching the new '06 - '10 cycle with the July-February rally from the 1220s up to the 1460 area.

This first chart plots the market's percentage gain off the July low (black line) against the median 4-year cycle performance since 1962 (blue line) as well as against the average performance (red line). The grey lines measure 1 standard deviation from the median. And the horizontal axis measures the number of trading days from the launch of the new cycle; this particular chart plots only the first 2 years of the cycle.

The black line had been moving along pretty much according to Hoyle, just a bit below both the median and mean lines until about trading day # 152, when the SPX dropped sharply all the way down to the -1 standard deviation line, from about +18% to +11%.

Now, that sudden, sharp drop on the black line came at a period when weakness was to be expected, as is visible on both the blue and red lines, but was much more sudden and sharp than I expected. And this variation from my expectation led me to hypothesize that it might be appropriate to shift what we consider to be the end date of the '98 - '02 cycle from October '02 to March '03, which in turn would shift the launch of the '02 - '06 cycle, and then the launch '06 - '10 cycle from July '06 to perhaps as late as April '07 (turning it into the '07 - '11 cycle).

Making that shift would change the plotting of the cycles so that the '03 - '07 would look more like this next chart in which the thick red line shows the course of this '03 - '07 progression.

In this plotting of the current cycle, a precipitous downside continuation would be in store for the SPX between now and mid April, at which point a new 4-year cycle would begin.

Two very different scenarios, right? In the former scenario, the SPX would move to new highs from the early March sell-down, continuing in general to creep higher for roughly 3 more quarters before leveling out into a choppier trading pattern. And in the latter scenario, the SPX would tank hard into April before launching into the new 4-year cycle and a more aggressive uptrend that would most probably take the index up at least 25% during the remainder of '07.

But here's the curious part...

While the two scenarios are quite different in the near term, if we set our horizon for the end of 2007 we get very similar targets either way.

In the former scenario, if we assume that the SPX could rise to the +30% level by the end of '07 (6 quarters into the current cycle), which is to say 30% above the July '06 low near 1225, we get a year-end '07 target of about 1592.

In the latter scenario, if we look for the SPX to descend to the +55% area (that is, 55% above the March '03 low, or to 1240), and then to rally 25% off that +55% level in the subsequent 3 quarters, we get a target of about 1550.

1550...1592...close enough for government work.

So, whichever way the market goes during the next month, whether we get a precipitous sell-off to that takes the SPX down close to 200 points, or continued modest strength that keeps the market pushing ahead to new local highs, our cyclical work suggests that our original year-end target of 1550-1600 for the SPX is a sensible one.

Moreover, all this mathematical fiddling fits hand-in-glove with how the markets are reacting to the Fed's tinkering with its policy language. If the SPX were to suddenly drop 200 points, the Fed would probably be more likely to ease rates, which could easily set off market strength in 2H07. And if the SPX were to continue to creep higher, the Fed would be more likely to hold rates steady, which, at this point, would probably come as something of a disappointment to the stock market, somewhat muting its 2H07 advance.

There's always lots of talk about the "Greenspan Put" (and now the Bernanke Put), by which it is meant that the Fed Chairman has given the market confidence that if things get too bad, he'll loosen monetary policy, preventing a stock market crash. It's like the Fed has already bought put options on the stock market, or, functionally speaking, taken out insurance to prevent a crash.

I would submit that if we're going to give the market's anticipation of Fed policy a name that we should call it the Bernanke Collar. That is, it's like the Fed is short an out-of-the-money call (a call sold at a higher strike price) against the market and long an out-of-the-money put (at a lower strike price).

If the market goes up, then the Fed will hold rates or raise them. (There's a cap on the market, which is like being long stock and short a call.) And if the market goes down, then the Fed will lower rates, putting a floor on just how large a loss the market will incur (like owning a put as insurance).

So, what does this so-called Bernanke Collar look like? Let's look at one hypothetical collar using SPY stock as a surrogate for the SPX.

SPY is now at $143.39. Suppose we sold a Jan '08 155 call against a long position of 100 SPY. And then we turned around and bought a Jan '08 140 put. Using an implied volatility of 13, and a risk-free interest rate of 5.25%, here's what the position's risk/reward graph would look like at Expiration in January '08.

The black line on this chart shows what the gain/loss on a long position in SPY would look like at all the points between 123 and 163. The yellow line shows the value of the short 155 call. The red line shows the value of the 140 put. And the blue line shows the value of the net position (what we're calling for our purposes here the Bernanke Collar).

If we hold this Bernanke Collar position (blue line), our maximum downside at Expiration in Jan. '08 is $209 at SPY <=$140. Meanwhile at SPY >=$155 the maximum upside is $1291. And if SPY closes Jan. 19, 2008 right where it is now, the Bernanke Collar makes $131.

That's what a collar looks like. It has both limited downside risk and limited upside profit potential. And with the Fed in data-dependent mode, ready to raise rates if inflation grows too onerous and/or cut rates if growth becomes too anemic, I believe the Bernanke Collar is a more apt analogy at present than is the Greenspan Put.

Conceptually speaking, the Bernanke Collar ties in nicely with the cyclical study above, which suggests that whichever way the 4-yr Cycle plays out in the near term, our year-end '07 target of SPX 1550-1600 remains sensible.

As for last week's euphoric reaction to the FOMC's "lightening" of the tightening bias, the bond market's reaction makes the equity market's reaction look a little suspect.

While the Real Yield in the 5-Year Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) market (red line below) did rise from a low of 1.99% to 2.03%, suggesting that expectations for economic growth had improved just a smidge from their worst recent levels, the Breakeven Inflation Rate rose even more to 2.49%, its highest level since August.

With the trend in growth expectations (red) falling and the trend in inflation expectations (blue) rising, it's tough to see what the market was so happy about last week. If anything, the Fed's (perhaps) less inflation-hawkish reference to "future policy adjustments" in their policy statement, which replaced the phrase "additional firming," may have itself INCREASED inflation expectations by virtue of the perceived diminished hawkishness of the phrase.

In this case the Fed might only be able to walk softly if they talk the talk of the hawk.

If growth expectations fall durably below 2% and/or if inflation expectations rise hard toward the 3% area, then the Fed is going to have some serious problems on its hands.

EARNINGS

The consensus estimate for growth in earnings continues to decelerate.

While earnings are at a very high level, over the past 3 months the growth in Forward 52-Week Earnings per Share (blue line, F52W EPS) has gone negative to the tune of a -1.6% annualized rate. And the expectation for F52W EPS relative to Trailing 52W EPS has shrunk to +7.4%, the lowest consensus for EPS growth since January 2002.

This past week there were declines in the F52W EPS consensus for the Energy, Financials, Information Technology, and Materials sectors.

In general the established trends look healthy in the Financials, Health Care, Industrials, Consumer Staples, Utilities, and Telecom Services. But we should keep our eyes open for how these estimates may deteriorate in an environment of markedly slowing economic growth.

The progression in the consensus for F52W EPS continues to suggest that the Fed will remain on hold at least until the middle of this year. As you can see in this chart, both the Y/Y growth rate of F52W EPS (blue line) and the Y/Y change in the Fed Funds Rate (red line) are regressing toward their respective averages (7.5% and 0%).

If the Fed remains on hold, the red line will hit 0% at the end of June. If earnings expectations fall sharply prior to that date, then maybe we'll see rate cuts before then. But it looks as though both the red and blue lines on this chart have rendezvous with neutral levels at around that time. And that we'll start getting a better take on '08 earnings estimates as well as on GDP growth prospects for 2H07 as spring turns into summer.

I continue to expect choppy trading into at least mid April and perhaps for another couple of months after that. It should take that long to digest the gains made from July through February. Once the picture for 2H07 clarifies, I expect the SPX to begin rallying toward our year-end target range as discussed above.

Best regards and good trading!

Adam Oliensis,
Editor The Agile Trader

IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES

ALL PERFORMANCE RESULTS ARE HYPOTHETICAL.

HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE MANY INHERENT LIMITATIONS, SOME OF WHICH ARE DESCRIBED BELOW. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN. IN FACT, THERE ARE FREQUENTLY SHARP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND THE ACTUAL RESULTS SUBSEQUENTLY ACHIEVED BY ANY PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM.

ONE OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS IS THAT THEY ARE GENERALLY PREPARED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. IN ADDITION, HYPOTHETICAL TRADING DOES NOT INVOLVE FINANCIAL RISK, AND NO HYPOTHETICAL TRADING RECORD CAN COMPLETELY ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISK IN ACTUAL TRADING. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND LOSSES OR ADHERE TO A PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM IN SPITE OF TRADING LOSSES ARE MATERIAL POINTS WHICH CAN ALSO ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS. THERE ARE NUMEROUS OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO THE MARKET IN GENERAL OR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY SPECIFIC TRADING PROGRAM WHICH CANNOT BE FULLY ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE PREPARATION OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND ALL OF WHICH CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS.

DOG DREAMS UNLIMITED INC.(DDUI), WHICH OWNS AND OPERATES THE AGILE TRADER, HAS HAD LITTLE OR NO EXPERIENCE IN TRADING ACTUAL ACCOUNTS FOR ITSELF OR FOR CUSTOMERS. BECAUSE THERE ARE NO ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS TO COMPARE TO THE HYPOTHETICAL RESULTS, CUSTOMERS SHOULD BE PARTICULARLY WARY OF PLACING UNDUE RELIANCE ON THESE HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS.

Trading commodity futures may involve large potential rewards, but also carries large potential risks. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the futures markets. Dont trade with money that you cannot afford to lose. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

The Agile Trader and all individuals affiliated with The Agile Trader assume no responsibilities for your trading and investment results.

As a publisher of a financial newsletter of general and regular circulation, The Agile Trader cannot tender individual investment advice on the suitability and performance of your portfolio or specific investments. Refer to your registered investment adviser for individualized advice.

In making any investment decision, you will rely solely on your own review and examination of the facts and the records relating to such investments. Past performance of our recommendations is not an indication of future performance. The publisher shall have no liability of whatever nature in respect to any claims, damage, loss, or expense arising out of or in connection with the reliance by you on the contents of our Web site, any promotion, published material, alert, or update.

Trading commodity futures involves substantial risk of loss. DDUI and all individuals affiliated with DDUI assume no responsibilities for your trading and investment results.

Copyright © 2003-2009 The Agile Trader, LLC All rights reserved.

Image rendition and html coding Copyright © 2000-2010 SafeHaven.com

« Opinions expressed at SafeHaven are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of SafeHaven or its management. Articles are available via RSS/XML. Please visit RSSHelp for instructions. »