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Central banks across the globe have succeeded in creating a worldwide bull
market in most asset classes and we now approach a watershed moment in international
markets. Will central bankers keep fueling this rally by lowering interest
rates and increasing the money supply, or will they opt to fight the inflationary
spiral they created and cause this liquidity boom to dry up -- sending asset
prices correcting across the globe?
Slow Growth to Continue
Market strategists who in early 2006 predicted a slowdown in economic growth
have been proven correct. Since then we have seen GDP growth slow from 5.6%
in Q1 2006 to 1.26% in Q1 2007 (which may be revised lower due to a higher
than expected trade deficit).
Based largely on the correction in the housing market, this correction will
have another leg down as the rate of new home construction is still outpacing
new home sales by 600k units per year. Home builders need to drop new construction
rates to near 1mm units per annum to stop adding to inventories, which means
a precipitous reduction in employment numbers (a lagging indicator) is likely
still ahead of us.
The consumer is also being squeezed from higher energy costs and elevated
inflation while piling on more debt and maintaining his negative savings rate.
It is reasonable, then, to extrapolate that a slowing economy and slowing earnings
growth should mitigate equity market returns. Earnings growth is indeed slowing
and even that growth is being artificially boosted by companies issuing debt
to buy back shares, which makes the earnings look better than they would otherwise
be. Further, the slowdown in U.S. consumption should be felt across the globe,
retarding G.D.P. growth worldwide.
Inflation to Remain Elevated
So what is the reason for the market's levitation act? We need look
no further than the y-o-y increase in global money supply, which is running
at an average annual rate of about 15%. Since this rate of increase far outstrips
the growth in productivity, inflation is the inevitable result. And it is this
devaluation of paper currencies that ends up propping up asset prices including
stocks, bonds and real estate worldwide.
Just look at private equity deals (today's leveraged buyouts) that take
advantage of low interest rates and ample liquidity to bid up shares and take
supply out of the public market. No wonder when investors think they sniff
out an end to this liquidity, e.g. the end of the Yen carry trade or China
tightening reserve requirements, the markets go into a free-fall.
What Direction for Central Banks?
The conundrum for central bankers is that they are hesitant to inject further
liquidity into the system while inflation is running at or above their target
zones. Yet, they are also hesitant to tighten liquidity and cause another sell-off
as occurred on February 27th when the Shanghai index fell nearly 9% and the
Dow fell 3.3%. Nor does the Fed want to hike rates while G.D.P. growth is running
well below trend.
More than ever, investors must keep a close eye on central banks, and in particular
the U.S., Japan and China. It is my contention that the Fed's next move
will be to cut rates in order to stave off a recession -- one that we are
dangerously close to slipping into -- and for Japan and China to recant their
recent salvos to restrain money and credit.
If Central Bankers begin to act responsibly, it will put an end to this liquidity
boom and lead to a global bear market in asset prices. However, I believe the
most likely outcome will be for a long overdue correction in equity prices
to occur, one which will cause Fed Chairman Bernanke to further expand the
creation of money and credit in order to prevent a deflationary spiral.
In due course, we will get clarity as to the path the world's central
banks will choose. Until then, I suggest maintaining a neutral to overweight
exposure to international equities and commodities and waiting for central
banks to give the all clear signal that the liquidity boom will continue before
adding to U.S. equity positions.
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